Cantonese 得 (dak1): saying how an action goes

Cantonese has no separate word for quickly or well. It reuses the adjective and hooks it onto the back of the verb with 得 dak1, so 佢行得好快 is they walk very fast.

The short versionVerb, then 得, then the quality: 佢行得好快. The quality keeps the degree word it would carry on its own, so it is 好快 rather than a bare 快. Drop 得 and the two halves stop connecting. This is not the 得 that means can.

The adjective does the adverb job

English builds a second word out of the first: quick becomes quickly, good becomes well, slow becomes slowly. Cantonese does not bother. It takes the same adjective and attaches it behind the verb with 得, and the meaning shifts from describing the thing to describing the action.

keoi5 haang4 dak1 hou2 faai3
They walk very fast
verb, 得, then the quality
nei5 gong2 dak1 hou2 hou2
You speak very well
the second 好 is the adjective
keoi5 sik6 dak1 hou2 maan6
They eat very slowly
no separate word for slowly

The degree word stays

A quality on its own sounds unfinished in Cantonese, which is why 好 sits in front of it in a plain description. The same applies inside this pattern: 佢行得快 sounds clipped in a way 佢行得好快 does not. Swap 好 for 太 or 幾 exactly as you would elsewhere, as covered on the degree page. For the negative, 唔 goes after 得: 我瞓得唔好, I slept badly.

ngo5 fan3 dak1 m4 hou2
I slept badly
the negative sits after 得
Not the 得 that means can

The same character does a second job. In 食得晒 it sits between a verb and its result and asks whether you can manage the thing, which is the potential complement on its own page. Two quick tests tell them apart: the manner 得 is always followed by a quality, and the potential 得 is always followed by a result such as 晒 or 完. If an adjective comes next, you are in this pattern.

Common mistakes

Leaving 得 out

佢寫好靚 puts a verb and a quality next to each other with nothing joining them. 得 is what connects the two: 佢寫得好靚.

Putting the quality in front

佢好快行 describes nothing. How an action goes always comes after the verb in this pattern.

Dropping the degree word

佢行得快 is not wrong so much as unfinished, in the same way a bare adjective is on the adjectives page. Put 好 in and it lands.

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