geoi1 jin4居然
Jyutpinggeoi1 jin4
Yalegēui yìhn
Definition
Unexpectedly; to one's surprise; contrary to expectation.
colloquialdescriptionsemotion
How it's used
Expressing disbelief or shock at an outcome, this word highlights that the situation contradicts common sense or prior expectations. It is frequently paired with rhetorical questions to emphasize the speaker's indignation or amazement. While it functions as an adverb, it carries a stronger emotional charge than simply stating that something was unexpected.
Examples
To my surprise, he still has the nerve to come back and see us.
You actually forgot that today is his birthday?
Related words
Common mistake
Learners often confuse this with 竟然, which is a near-perfect synonym. While they are interchangeable in most contexts, 居然 can sometimes carry a slightly more personal or subjective tone of disbelief compared to the more neutral observation of 竟然.
Grammar color guide
Noun
Verb
Adjective
Adverb
Pronoun
Classifier
Particle
Connector
Grammar guides
- TonesCantonese has six tones, and the tones can change in certain grammatical contexts. Learn the six tones and the rules for tone change.
- Time and datesClock time, days of the week, months, and years. The patterns you need to make plans and talk about when things happen.
- Modal verbsHow to say can, will, may, should, must, and want. The core modal verbs of Cantonese and the differences that trip up beginners.
